Status in Florida: Not native, cultivated as an ornamental
Native Habitat: Southwestern Asia, Eastern Europe
Native States: Not applicable
Growing Zones: 3-9 (in Florida, it's often treated as an annual or biennial, especially in warmer zones)
Size at Maturity: 4-8 feet tall
Phenology: Biennial or short-lived perennial
Life Cycle: Biennial
Growth Rate: Fast
Growth Habit: Upright, herbaceous
Bloom Season: Summer
Bloom Color: Various colors, including pink, red, purple, white, and yellow
Sunlight Requirements: Full sun with afternoon shade
Soil Texture: Well-drained, fertile soil
Soil pH: Neutral to slightly alkaline
Moisture Requirements: Average to moist
Tolerance to Salt Spray: Low/None
Keystone Plant: No
Recommended Landscape Uses: Cottage gardens, borders, and against walls or fences
Maintenance Tips: Provide support for tall plants, deadhead spent flowers, and watch for rust
Considerations: Susceptible to rust and other fungal diseases
Hurricane Wind Resistant: Low
Erosion Control: No
Nitrogen Fixing: No
Edible: Flowers are edible, but not commonly eaten
Pet Safe: Generally considered non-toxic
Deer and Rabbit Resistance: Moderate
Historical Medicinal Uses: Traditionally used for various ailments
Wildlife Benefit: Pollinators (bees, butterflies)